Bilingual Blues

Wanganui/Whanganui – a nice town. Pity the mayor talks without thinking.
(Image: JuergenSchulte)
Let’s rant for a few paragraphs about the apparent ignorance of Michael Laws, the mayor of Wanganui. He’s complaining about the New Zealand Geographic Board’s plans to consult the public on the names for the North and South Islands, which may (shock! horror!) involve officialising the Maori names for the islands, alongside English. Michael Laws claims that double-naming is impractical, disrespectful and not-done-elsewhere:
“Where else could you go in the world and the locals have actually two different names for everywhere?”
Well, um, lots of places. Especially in Europe. Bruxelles/Brussel has got along fine for years with names in both French and Flemish. In France, Strasbourg/Straβburg/Strossburi and many other Alsatian towns feature bilingual roadsigns. All license plates in the Republic of Ireland feature the county of registration in Gaelic, and Wales is increasingly bilingual in its place names and administration. Amazingly, none of this has led to the collapse of civilisation.

Even Montpellier-Montpelhièr, which thanks to its university has been a chauvinistic outpost of French usage in an Occitan-speaking region since at least the time of Louis XIV, acknowledges its Occitan heritage with Occitan street-signs in the old town.
I wouldn’t mind so much if Mr Laws was displaying his ignorance in a private capacity (he is reasonably well-known media personality in his own right in New Zealand). But his statement was made in an official press release in his role as mayor: that’s unacceptable.
Mr Laws is of course rather more exercised about this issue than some mayors, since there has been a decades-long dispute about the spelling of Wanganui (in the local Maori dialect the river and the eponymous town are rendered with an aspirated “wh” sound as Whanganui). Wanganui is largely accepted among European-descended inhabitants, while local Maori claim precedence for Whanganui.

Rennes-Roahzon-Resnn (France). Image: graham chandler
I’m always slightly ashamed how many anglophones view bilingualism as some kind of threat. In everyday practice in bilingual regions of Europe, locals go on using whatever name they feel most comfortable with, and everyone understands. In most cases, it’s not a big deal.
Bilingualism is not “cultural zealotry”. As the one place in the world where English and Polynesian languages coexist officially, New Zealand’s linguistic particularities should be encouraged and highlighted. It may even be a competitive advantage: my French classmates were fascinated to see that my NZ passport is printed in English and Maori.
Maybe Wanganui/Whanganui should be twinned with a few other cities around the world that get along fine with two versions of their name. Perhaps Biel-Bienne or Turku-Åbo ? These cities might teach New Zealand how to become more adult in its treatment of language.

Street names in Turku-Åbo (Finland). Image: ansik
3 Comments »
RSS feed for comments on this post. TrackBack URL
Great post, very interesting. I’ve always had a fair interest in te reo Maori (or thereabouts) but I’ve never understood why, when Maori wasn’t a written language before the Europeans came along, the ‘f’ sound was written as ‘wh’?
Presumably that’s part of the W(h)anganui problem?
Is that something that can be easily explained, or is it part of some incredibly complex linguistics?
Thanks for the comment Paul
Too much spare time and a reliance on Wikipedia means I can put forward a hypothetical answer to your question…
The written wh/w/f “problem” probably traces its origins to the first orthography developed in around 1820 by a Cambridge scholar (see Wikipedia) – this was based on northern dialects which tended towards “w”, and presumably didn’t have a anything approaching the voiceless labiodental fricative (ie. the “f” sound in English). Apparently the “wh” spelling was added later to compensate for the observation that many regional varieties of Maori (such as that spoken around Whanganui and Taranaki) did actually replace the “w” with something like an aspirated “f” sound.
My layman’s understanding of Whanganui dialect is that locally the “wh” is pronounced as a very breathy “w” – with characteristics of both the “w” and “f” sound in English – hence it may have been heard by early English-speaking geographers as “w”, when “wh” is probably more accurate.
Hopefully that explanation is something approaching the truth…
Ahhhhh!
That’s a really useful explanation, thank you. Accurate or not, it sounds about right to my ears (pardon the pun). I appreciate you attempting to explain it to me.
As I say, I find elements of the language really interesting, not least the idea of the early whalers and so forth trying to learn to speak to the Maori for the first time (and obviously, more negatively, the problems arising from poor translation of the treaty).
Cheers for that Richard!